Parallel-Connected Battery Current Imbalance Dynamics

In this work, we derive analytical expressions governing state-of-charge and current imbalance dynamics for two parallel-connected batteries. The model, based on equivalent circuits an affine open circuit voltage relation, describes the evolution of over course a complete charge discharge cycle. Using framework, identify conditions under which aged battery will experience higher magnitude deviation towards end or This work enables quantitative understanding how mismatches in capacities resistances influence systems, helping to pave path forward degradation modeling heterogeneous systems.